To do this, they provide a conversational dialogue, a narrative arc, and sound effects that enhance the listener's understanding of what is being talked about. Machine:                 End of message. Jad Abumrad:               Thanks for listening. I was like "What the hell is this thing?". Not yet but I think the dike has been opened. I received high grade and positive feedback from my instructor. Check out this podcast episode from Radiolab focusing on CRISPR and its potential applications. There was sort of this East Coast, West Coast for the last year showdown. What we do need is like, uh, we do need to like figure out what are we going to do about CRISPR in humans. Robert Krulwich:           Yeah. And if you imagine making these changes, and they cascade through generation after generation. Then completely answer all questions below. It reduces their odds of getting Alzheimer. Maybe it was somebody named Carl who said that, uh, “The news from China, and that news probably the beginning of an entire new era.". Hidden inside some of the planet’s tiniest microorganisms is one of the most powerful tools scientists have ever come across. If, if you can be very, very gene specific and you learn more and more about genes over time. Carl Zimmer:                    I think we're okay there. Well, there's no winged pig lab. You're saying, "Oh my God. Carl Zimmer:                I don't think it is new. Carl Zimmer:                I'm sorry. And it's, I don't want to say trivial, but it's fairly easy to do it. Eugene Koonin:              But, but there is some non-zero probability (horn sound) that you actually survive the attack. Carl Zimmer:                    They were like, they were working it out. Carl Zimmer:                    Now what? She went back to get tested for her allergy one more time and the results were not at all what she'd expected. ‎Radiolab is one of the most beloved podcasts and public radio shows in the world. Jad Abumrad:               And so what we did is we asked our producer editor Soren Wheeler and our producer, Molly Webster, to sort of just go out, ask around, make some calls and tell us, what's been going on. They are pretty broad and require too much reading. Beth Shapiro:                   Hi this Beth Shapiro. To hear the message again press two, to delete it... Start of message. Robert Krulwich:           Dr. Sean Burgess. Robert Krulwich:          [inaudible 00:40:15]. Today, the call to help me write my essay Radiolab Podcast Crispr Homework Assignment is a perfectly solvable question. Including scientist human beings, all human beings. All right fast forward 2005. And to I guess all the people we thanked the first time, because I think it still stands. Robert Krulwich:           That's what he just was demonstrating. But, but there is some non-zero probability (horn sound) that you actually survive the attack. Jad Abumrad:                  Thanks for listening. They're sort of like the ground troops, and they fight really hard. Robert Krulwich:           (laughs). Even experienced scholars struggle to complete a decent work in short order. I have not, I am waiting for someone to say CRISPR doesn't work in species X, and I have not heard of that. Robert Krulwich:           I'm not suggesting that? Jad Abumrad:                  CRISPR. (music), Just processing the fact that this thing exists, you know. Jad Abumrad:               Like you're putting a spare scissors or something? Carl Zimmer:                    (deep breath) So you guys know about, uh, all the stuff going on in Iceland where they're looking at people's DNA, and you know they're looking for disease genes and so on. I am cringing with-, Jad Abumrad:               I would like to know-, Carl Zimmer:                Because you're afraid of like dragons. Jad Abumrad:               In the Civil War of over CRISPR patents, there has been a Gettysburg, but the war is not won. And will give those assassins a copy of that little bit of virus DNA it has in storage, basically saying here take this mug shot, if you see anything that matches this pattern. Carl Zimmer:                Yeah, yeah, they're actually trying to use it as an alternative to antibiotics. I now know many wonderful adult formerly test tube babies and I, I remember being astonished that... No, so I can't, I don't know where the sacred begins and ends anymore on that particular turf. Jad Abumrad:                  Oh, I see. (laughs). Five Russian that are deaf intend to attempt the CRISPR gene-editing technique so they can have a biologic kid who can hear, biologist Denis Rebrikov has informed. Like why shouldn't anyone realize that's what really talking about here. Kevin Esvelt:                 A gene drive. I, you-, Well I think, but the thing is that then you're, no-. Well, now you're doing it without the consent of that unborn thing and all future generations of that unborn thing. In this unprecedented history of a scientific revolution, award-winning author and journalist Carl Zimmer tells the definitive story of the dawn of the age of the brain and modern consciousness. Jad Abumrad:               Okay, putting J-lO aside. There were two teams, Jennifer Doudna team out at UC Berkeley. Carl Zimmer:                    Our staff includes Brenda Ferrel, Ellen Horn, Dylan Keith. And if that happens then the DNA is trapped and molecular blades come out-. Radiolab CRISPR Spotify Update: CRISPR - Radiolab (podcast) Listen Note . Carl Zimmer:                    Then you set it loose. Whatever. Carl Zimmer:                    I, I don't feel different actually, because, um, there isn't really no scientific surprise here. Well you have to be for that. I gathered it had something to do with genetics and then at one point one of the biologist turned to me and was like "I'll tell you what it is. WIRED is where tomorrow is realized. Genetic interactions of mutant KRAS revealed with CRISPR. Genetic interactions of mutant KRAS revealed with CRISPR, Reversible editing by new CRISPR technology reduces off-target effects, Russian couples considering CRISPR gene editing in their progeny, Precise CRISPR editing by using ‘jumping genes’ to introduce DNA. Carl Zimmer:                    I, I just don't think that we're going to be able to sort of, uh, find refuge there in like 10 or 20 years. And I agree. Someone like Frances Bacon would say explicitly like “Science is going to be both about learning about how the world works, and using that knowledge to control it.” You know this has been discovered, this has been published. Jad Abumrad:                  We've already answered the question. In the twentieth century, an international cabal of scientists launches the Chrysalis Project, the development of an artificially enhanced breed of humans, while Gary Seven, an undercover operative for an advanced alient species struggles ... Many thanks to science writer Carl Zimmer, who has written many books. And when they were looking at these Icelandic people, they found that some people had a gene that protects them against Alzheimer's. The original episode about Crispr aired on June 6th, 2015. Eugene Koonin:              Right there and nowhere else. Awesome. If you're bacteria viruses make your life a nightmare. The, the ocean is full of viruses and, and, uh, viruses kill up to 40% of all of those bacteria every day. Jad Abumrad:                  This was bound to happen, and in fact it may be happening more than we think. Molly Webster:            Because everyone's at this moment where they're like, what happens with the next super bug? A story for our times, Sea of a Thousand Words begs the question, "Who deserves to inherit our earth?" Every page is charged with brilliant imagery and a rich cast of characters-instantly alive and relatable. Robert Krulwich:          I think we should cringe a little as opposed to just having a big pile. You must have internet access to do this. Beth Shapiro:                   We could reconstruct using a computer what the genome sequence of the ancestor of all birds was and that would have been a kind of dinosaur, and then we could use CRISPR to turn a chicken into that thing. Jad Abumrad:                  And here's the kicker says Carl. But I think the dike has been open. Choose a favorite tutor or get automatically matched with our recommendation. Jad Abumrad:                  So can you walk us through how the mechanism is likely to work? This could be an amazing, uh, technology. So silencing the short genes and favoring the taller genes. And at the end of the hall is a winged piglet. It reduces their odds of getting Alzheimer. Knowledge and Radiolab Podcast Crispr Homework Assignment Answer Key training. Carl Zimmer:                You guys know about all the stuff going on in Iceland, where they're looking at people's DNA, and they're looking for disease genes, and so on. I believe I'm going to quote somebody who said, uh, maybe, uh a few weeks ago. And that means that your baby has like a 50% chance of having your special trait. Wait a minute, tick spread Lyme disease, we can probably get rid of that too. I mean it's big. Beth Shapiro:               Our fact-checkers are Eva Dasher and Michelle Harris. That future will include the imagination's both light and dark of humans, and that will be new in the world. Following studies observed a similar sequence pattern in other bacteria and archaea and later came to understand that in-between these . This is nothing like we've seen before.". According to Kevin, this is the kind of change that could given enough time spread across the entire species. in. Speaker 23:                  To here's the message again press two, to delete it- start of message. Listen to the periodic table segment of the Radiolab Podcast "Antibodies Part 1: CRISPR" Click on link to access podcast. (music). Ans. This is unnatural. Thank you much. Jad Abumrad:                  Do you feel differently now than the first time we talked? Robert Krulwich:          Oh, you would turn the assassins on the bacteria? Oh they're the fun ones. He was talking to our producers, Soren Wheeler and Molly Webster about CRISPR. Jad Abumrad:                  Okay, so that conversation with Carl was four months ago, and, uh, a lot has happened in the, in that time. This is a tool that we can use to cut DNA where we want to cut DNA. Carl Zimmer:                    You know now I'm going to sound like I'm on Robert's side of this. Carl Zimmer:                    It worked kind of. Because if we're already doing this kind of stuff, and who's going to say no to that. He's the guy that Carl referenced to that thunk up the whole idea that maybe these bits of virus DNA inside the bacteria is the bacteria trying to defend itself. I think I actually it was an historical moment. Jad Abumrad:                  The basic thought was why don't we turn this defense into offense, because these things they seem to be really good at cutting and yet they only seem to cut the thing that are on their mugshots. Thank you much. (clears throat). (music). That is until... reporter:                             For the first time in history researchers in China have successfully edited the human genom in an embryo. Robert Krulwich:          So that's how we ended our piece, which is now two years old. Next time that virus shows up it spreads its genes everywhere, now you are prepared, and this where the CRISPR story really gets going. Robert Krulwich:          Got into biology, because when he was a kid, he went to the Galapagos. Actually it's a new. Yep. But if you need the text even quicker, we'll do our best to help you meet the deadline no matter what. Carl Zimmer:                    Oh, there's something totally happening here. But in the act with this gene drive, in the act of choosing it for yourself this way, you choose it for an uncountable number of others who do not have the choice. Jad Abumrad:               Now, these embryos, the Chinese team had edited they were created through IVF and they were not viable. Then completely answer all questions below. Jad Abumrad:                  Those clouds in the horizon. It won't hurt, it won't, it will not hurt. It hasn't been built yet. I mean it turns out that, um, you know there are repair enzymes that are probably continually surveying and checking for breaks. What is CRISPR? Let's imagine you doctor said “Now if you'd like for an extra 1,000 dollars we will take this IVF embryos and we will use CRISPR to give them the Alzheimer protecting variant. was a stretch of DNA that had five identical sequences in a row that were separated by short sequences in between that were all different from each other. Jad Abumrad:               He says, people who have been doing all these CRISPR experiments in all these different mammals. They're going to be able to grab on to cancer cells-, And attack their own cancer. She was actually one of the biologist that I drunkingly talked to at that thing. Molly Webster:            Yeah, the antibiotic thing seems huge, right? Right. Jad Abumrad:               In fact, Jennifer Doudna told us that this experiment or similar experiments had been repeated in mice with more advanced CRISPR systems, because apparently, there are many different kinds. Robert Krulwich:           Well there's no [crosstalk 00:19:24] in for pigs to fly. Robert Krulwich:          And what kinds of things? Beth Shapiro:                   And not only will it take a left at Staten Island and not find there but it would have cost you a fortune and taken up six months of your time to get that thing. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. No, but how do you know. So that it only lasts for a certain number of generations, and it sort of runs out of steam. "It is theoretically possible [with CRISPR] for one person to decide . They're not terribly sophisticated fighters, so very often the virus takes over, the bacteria dies. Kevin, a couple years back, he's working at the Harvard Medical School and one day, he's walking to work through this park. Who's going to say no to that. Carl Zimmer:                    Sometimes I feel like we're sort of displacing all our ethical concerns onto something that hasn't happened yet. I mean it's big. I see. Carl Zimmer:                Yeah, this is literally like one of the first experiments to show that this approach could work in muscular dystrophy. She says what will it happen is that inside the cell these repair crews will come along, they'll see the break. That it's not, it's not a question that's open anymore. 98% success rate. Carl Zimmer:                    I think I actually it was an historical moment. You don't change just one mosquito, you change all of those insects probably everywhere in the world. And I can do it safely, I can guarantee you that you will have human embryos that have the alteration in the particular gene you want." And, when they're looking at these Icelandic people they found that some people had, uh, a gene that, uh, protects them against Alzheimer. Or what if you could take an elephant and snip, snip, snip, gradually turn it into it's long lost relative the Woolly mammoth. Robert Krulwich:          Dr. Blake Wiedenheft. Kevin Esvelt:                 Pretty much. Jad Abumrad:               And their children's children and their children's, children's children. Found inside – Page 1With The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe, we can do this together. "Thorough, informative, and enlightening, The Skeptic's Guide to the Universe inoculates you against the frailties and shortcomings of human cognition. 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